Streamlining Government: Opportunities Exist to Strengthen OMB's Approach to Improving Efficiency
GAO-10-394
Published: May 07, 2010. Publicly Released: Jun 07, 2010.
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Highlights
Given record budget deficits and continuing fiscal pressures, the federal government must seek to deliver results more efficiently. The prior Administration sought to improve efficiency under the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) by requiring programs to have at least one efficiency measure and procedures for improving efficiency, and show annual efficiency gains. The current administration has also emphasized efficiency in some initiatives. GAO was asked to examine (1) the types of PART efficiency measures and the extent to which they included typical elements of an efficiency measure; (2) the extent to which selected programs showed gains and how they used efficiency measures for decision making; (3) the challenges selected programs faced in developing and using efficiency measures; and (4) other strategies that can be used to improve efficiency. GAO analyzed the 36 efficiency measures in 21 selected programs in 5 agencies and a generalizable sample from the other 1,355 measures governmentwide, reviewed documents and interviewed officials from selected programs, reviewed literature on efficiency, and interviewed experts.
Recommendations
Recommendations for Executive Action
| Agency Affected | Recommendation | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Office of Management and Budget | The Director of OMB should evolve toward a broader approach that emphasizes identifying and pursuing strategies and opportunities to improve efficiency at each of the governmentwide, agency, and program levels. At the governmentwide level, OMB should look for additional opportunities to consolidate or restructure duplicative or inefficient operations that cut across agency lines. One vehicle for doing this is the GPRA-required governmentwide performance plan. |
Since we issued the report, the Administration has identified several governmentwide opportunities to improve efficiency. For example, in the President's February 2011 State of the Union speech and in subsequent statements by the Chief Performance Officer, the administration announced its intention to restructure federal export promotion functions to improve effectiveness and reduce waste. In addition, the President's Accountable Government Initiative, announced in October 2010 and updated in April 2011, described a number of governmentwide initiatives aimed at consolidating or restructuring inefficient operations, such as eliminating excess real property and adopting more efficient technologies, among other things.
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| Office of Management and Budget | The Director of OMB should evolve toward a broader approach that emphasizes identifying and pursuing strategies and opportunities to improve efficiency at each of the governmentwide, agency, and program levels. At the agency level, OMB should clarify its A-11 guidance to agencies on establishing efficiency goals and strategies in their agency-level GPRA strategic and performance plans, and reporting on the results achieved in performance reports. Guidance should stress the importance of looking for efficiencies across as well as within components and programs and maintaining or improving key dimensions of performance such as effectiveness, quality, or customer satisfaction, while also striving for efficiency gains. |
OMB issued revisions to its guidance in 2010, 2011, and 2012 that emphasized attention to efficiency and the development of agency-level efficiency goals and strategies.
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| Office of Management and Budget | The Director of OMB should evolve toward a broader approach that emphasizes identifying and pursuing strategies and opportunities to improve efficiency at each of the governmentwide, agency, and program levels. At the program level, OMB should clarify whether agencies are to continue developing and using program-level efficiency measures. If so, OMB should provide enhanced guidance and technical support to agencies that addresses how to develop and use efficiency measures to improve efficiency and mitigate the challenges we identified. |
In revising its Circular A-11 Guidance to agencies, OMB clarified that agencies do not have to continue developing efficiency measures for every program. Rather the guidance states that efficiency measures tend to be most useful for similar, repeated practices. Efficiency measures are not appropriate for every program, project, or goal but every agency, program, and goal-focused effort should continually search for practices to accomplish more with the same resources or the same value with fewer resources after effective actions have been identified.
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| Office of Management and Budget | The Director of OMB should collect and disseminate information on strategies and lessons learned from successful efforts to improve efficiency by federal agencies, other governments, and the private sector. Possible vehicles for collection and dissemination of this information include good practices guides, workshops, Web sites, wikis, and management councils, such as the President's Management Council and the Performance Improvement Council. |
OMB officials told us they have been leveraging the knowledge and expertise of members of the Performance Improvement Council (PIC) by forming various working groups intended to design and disseminate best practices, including ways to reduce waste and inefficiency. For example, as indicated in the Analytical Perspectives volume of the President's 2012 Budget, several cross-agency teams began sharing experiences and developing common tools. Performance Improvement Officers from agencies responsible for benefits processing identified priority areas of shared interest for future group action, including reducing improper payments and improving the experience of customers' processing their benefits faster and improving customer relationship management. In addition, the Goal Setting work group under the PIC developed a guide on setting priority goals, which includes examples of goals to improve efficiency.
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AccountabilityAdministrative costsAgency evaluationBudget obligationsCost analysisCost effectiveness analysisDecision makingPerformance measuresProductivity in governmentProgram evaluationProgram managementRegulatory agenciesStandardsStrategic planningPolicies and procedures