Veterans with Disabilities: VA Could Better Inform Veterans with Disabilities about Their Education Benefit Options
Fast Facts
The Department of Veterans Affairs offers education benefits, like tuition coverage, to veterans through the Post-9/11 GI Bill. The Veteran Readiness & Employment program, which helps veterans with disabilities re-enter the workforce, can also provide education benefits.
Most veterans with disabilities use the GI Bill program. Many may not know that the VR&E program can help pay for education as part of its employment services, as well as provide assistive equipment and access to a career counselor.
We recommended that VA better inform veterans about VR&E's benefits and the key differences in the two programs' offerings.
Highlights
What GAO Found
Most school and veteran service organization (VSO) officials GAO interviewed stated that when given the choice between the Post 9/11 GI Bill (GI Bill) and the Veteran Readiness and Employment (VR&E) program, veterans with disabilities will base their choice on which program best suits their unique goals, preferences, and circumstances. For example, certain veterans may prefer the GI Bill's flexibility to independently select courses of study, whereas others may prefer to have the assistance of a counselor to select a course of study as part of an employment plan, as provided under VR&E. However, most officials GAO interviewed said veterans with disabilities often use the GI Bill for education benefits without knowing that the VR&E program exists, or that it can pay for education, provide assistive equipment for their disability, or offer unique benefits of working with a counselor.
Selected Comments Regarding the Post-9/11 GI Bill and Veteran Readiness & Employment Programs
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“Had I known about VR&E I would have [used it.]” -Veteran with disabilities “I often think of VR&E as sort of a hidden program when it comes to education benefits.” -VSO official ”Veterans with disabilities are often not aware of the differences between the two programs.” -School official |
Source: GAO survey of veterans and GAO interviews with school and VSO officials | GAO-21-450
VA provides information about education benefits to veterans with disabilities through various methods, including in-person communication, online materials, and written communications. However, on the agency website, VA.gov, few webpages devoted to VR&E explicitly mention that it can help pay for a college degree. In addition, the letters that VA sends to veterans when they receive their disability rating do not specifically mention that VR&E can cover education costs for a college degree. VA's online GI Bill Comparison Tool allows veterans to learn more about the tuition amounts each program will cover for certain schools, but it does not inform veterans on the key differences in program features across the programs. Most school and VSO officials GAO interviewed said VA's efforts do not adequately inform veterans with disabilities about their potential education benefit options, as evidenced by the number of veterans with disabilities they encounter who are unaware that VR&E exists or who do not fully understand the benefits VR&E can provide. Including more information about how VR&E can help veterans pay for higher education, and facilitating direct comparison between the features of the GI Bill and VR&E, would help better position veterans with disabilities to choose the program that best meets their needs.
Why GAO Did This Study
VA offers education benefits to veterans with disabilities through the GI Bill, VA's largest education program, and VR&E, which helps veterans with service-connected disabilities re-enter the workforce. Each offers distinct features that may better serve veterans depending on their individual circumstances. However, veterans with disabilities may not know that VR&E can help pay for education as part of its employment services. GAO was asked to what extent eligible veterans are aware of the comparative features of the programs.
This report examines (1) the reported factors that influence whether veterans with disabilities select the Post-9/11 GI Bill or VR&E, and (2) how VA informs veterans with disabilities about the education benefits available to them from each program, and the effectiveness of those efforts.
For both programs, GAO reviewed relevant federal laws; analyzed participant data; conducted semi-structured interviews with officials from schools and VSOs selected for their depth of knowledge about veteran affairs, and reviewed relevant VA informational materials.
Recommendations
GAO is making two recommendations to VA to take steps to 1) provide veterans with more information about VR&E's education benefits and 2) inform veterans about the comparative program features of the GI Bill and VR&E. VA concurred with the recommendations.
Recommendations for Executive Action
| Agency Affected | Recommendation | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Department of Veterans Affairs | The Secretary of VA should take steps to provide veterans with additional information that VR&E can help those with service-connected disabilities pay for education. For example, VA could review and evaluate its websites and written communications to identify ways to better promote the breadth of services that the VR&E program provides, including education benefits. (Recommendation 1) |
As of February 2024, VA had revised several VA.gov web pages to better emphasize the education component of VR&E, such as tuition coverage, that helps veterans with disabilities re-enter the workforce. Likewise, VA revised its VR-01: Motivation Letter and Disability Decision Letter to better highlight that VR&E offers education benefits.
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| Department of Veterans Affairs | The Secretary of VA should take steps to provide veterans with disabilities information about the comparative features of the GI Bill and VR&E programs. For example, VA could include a side-by-side comparison chart, or interactive tool, on its GI Bill Comparison Tool to inform veterans about the differences and similarities between the GI Bill and VR&E. (Recommendation 2) |
As of July 2022, VA had placed a link, "Compare VA education benefits," on its VA.gov VR&E Eligibility website. The link directs the user to a chart that lists the comparative features of the GI Bill and VR&E programs, and selected other programs that can provide education benefits, side-by-side. Features of each program include length of service requirements, months of benefits, and the type of education and training covered by each program.
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