Marine Debris: Interagency Committee Members Are Taking Action, but Additional Steps Could Enhance the Federal Response
Fast Facts
Debris in the ocean—such as plastic bottles and abandoned fishing gear—is a global economic and environmental problem. Multiple U.S. federal agencies work together on the Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee to address this issue.
The committee shares information on members’ activities such as education and cleanup efforts. Although it’s required to report on the activities’ effectiveness and recommend funding priorities, it does not.
We made 4 recommendations, including that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the committee chair, begin analyzing activity effectiveness and recommending funding priorities.
Beach debris
Highlights
What GAO Found
The Marine Debris Research, Prevention, and Reduction Act, as amended, (Marine Debris Act) designated six agencies as members of the Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee and specifies that members shall include senior officials from certain other agencies as the Secretary of Commerce determines appropriate. Within Commerce, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) serves as the committee chair. The committee coordinates through sharing information about members' activities to address marine debris, but GAO found that NOAA has not established a process for determining committee membership for agencies not specifically designated in the act. As a result, such agencies may not be included in the biennial reports required by the act which discuss committee members' marine debris activities. NOAA officials said they plan to develop a membership process but have not established a time frame to do so. By establishing a time frame, the committee can more fully benefit from capturing all members' activities.
The committee's biennial reports provide information on members' activities such as education and cleanup, but they do not contain some information required by the Marine Debris Act. Specifically, the reports do not include (1) an analysis of the effectiveness of the committee's recommendations and strategies to address marine debris and (2) recommendations for priority funding needs. Our past work has shown that collaborative entities can better demonstrate progress if they develop a way to monitor and report the results of their collective efforts and identify and leverage resources. By doing so, the committee would be in a better position to know the extent to which it is effectively addressing marine debris and provide Congress with required information about priority funding needs.
Marine debris washed ashore on a beach
Experts suggested a range of actions—from research to cleanup—the federal government could take to most effectively address marine debris. They stressed that there is not one solution to the growing problem (see figure). Committee officials noted factors to consider, such as cost, when evaluating these actions.
Why GAO Did This Study
Marine debris—waste such as discarded plastic and abandoned fishing gear and vessels in the ocean—is a global problem that poses economic and environmental challenges. The Marine Debris Act, enacted in 2006, requires the committee to coordinate a program of marine debris research and activities among federal agencies. The act also requires the committee to submit biennial reports to Congress that include certain elements such as an analysis of the effectiveness of the committee's recommendations.
GAO was asked to review federal efforts to address marine debris. This report examines (1) how the committee coordinates among federal agencies and the process for determining membership, (2) the extent to which the committee's biennial reports contain required elements, and (3) experts' suggestions on actions the federal government could take to most effectively address marine debris. GAO examined the Marine Debris Act and committee reports, compared committee practices with leading collaboration practices, interviewed federal agency officials, and interviewed a nongeneralizable sample of 14 marine debris experts selected to reflect various sectors and experiences with different types of marine debris.
Recommendations
GAO is making four recommendations, including that NOAA establish a time frame for documenting membership and the committee develop processes to analyze the effectiveness of its efforts and identify priority funding. The agency agreed with GAO's recommendations.
Recommendations for Executive Action
| Agency Affected | Recommendation | Status |
|---|---|---|
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | The NOAA Administrator, in coordination with interagency committee member agencies, should establish a time frame for documenting the committee's membership process. (Recommendation 1) |
In August 2020, NOAA, in coordination with interagency committee member agencies, established a process for interested agencies to be nominated and approved for membership. NOAA revised the committee's charter to document the process, and all member agencies concurred with the revision.
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| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | The NOAA Administrator, in coordination with interagency committee member agencies, should clarify what is meant by "senior official" in the Marine Debris Act, such as through revisions to its charter. (Recommendation 2) |
In August 2020, NOAA, in coordination with interagency committee member agencies, clarified what is meant by "senior official" in the Marine Debris Act. In clarifying the term, NOAA considered seniority requirements of similar advisory committees, among other factors. NOAA revised the committee's charter to document the definition, and all member agencies concurred with the revision.
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| Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee | The chair of the interagency committee, in coordination with member agencies, should develop and implement a process to analyze the effectiveness of the interagency committee's recommendations and strategies, and include the results in its biennial reports. (Recommendation 3) |
In the interagency committee's 2018-2019 biennial report, posted to NOAA's website in August 2021, NOAA included cursory statements about the effectiveness of the interagency committee's recommendations and strategies but did not include any analysis of their effectiveness. The report, however, suggests it may be time for the interagency committee to revisit the recommendations and during such an update of the recommendations work with member agencies to identify specific common or easily translatable metrics to better monitor, evaluate, and report the results of collective efforts to address the complex facets of marine debris. In February 2024, NOAA said that the agency engaged with interagency committee member agencies on updating the recommendations and identifying specific common or easily translatable metrics. Specifically, the committee has held three meetings focused on creating new recommendations and metrics. NOAA expects the final recommendations and metrics will be published in the fiscal year 2022-2023 interagency committee biennial report to Congress, and reporting against the new recommendations will begin in the Fiscal Year 2024-2025 report. We will continue to monitor the interagency committee's efforts to address this recommendation.
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| Interagency Marine Debris Coordinating Committee | The chair of the interagency committee, in coordination with member agencies, should develop a process to identify recommendations for priority funding needs to address marine debris, and include such recommendations in its biennial reports. (Recommendation 4) |
The interagency committee's 2018-2019 biennial report posted to NOAA's website in August 2021 states that member agencies identified recommendations for priority funding needs in their President's Budget request and annual operating plans. The report also included a list of high-level priority funding needs to address marine debris, should more funding become available, such as enhancing federal efforts to prevent, remove, monitor and assess, and research marine debris in the United States.
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