Army Contracting: Training and Guidance Needed to Ensure Appropriate Use of the Option to Extend Services Clause
Highlights
What GAO Found
GAO found that contracting officials at the Army Contracting Command-Redstone Arsenal improperly used the option to extend services clause by extending three of five contracts reviewed for periods longer than 6 months. When included in a contract, the Federal Acquisition Regulation's (FAR) option to extend services clause allows contracting officers to extend a contract more than once as long as the total extension does not exceed 6 months. However, the three contracts GAO identified were extended for periods between 10 and 12 months using contract modifications that cited the option to extend services clause. All three contracts were sole-source bridge contracts included as a part of GAO's October 2015 review of bridge contracts. In that report, GAO found that multiple factors contributed to the use of bridge contracts, including those reviewed at the Army, such as an inexperienced and overwhelmed acquisition workforce.
Why GAO Did This Study
The option to extend services clause provides a way for the government to continue to receive services for up to 6 months when, for example, the award of subsequent contracts might be delayed. When noncompetitive contracts are used frequently or for prolonged periods, the government is at risk of paying more than it should for goods and services. The same is true when the option to extend services clause is used for longer than permitted, thus delaying potential competition. In October 2015, GAO reported on federal agencies' use of bridge contracts, which GAO defined as including extensions to an existing contract beyond the period of performance of a contract (including base and option years).
As a follow-up to its October 2015 report, GAO developed this report to address the Army Contracting Command-Redstone Arsenal's use of the option to extend services clause on selected contracts, and to bring the issues GAO found to the command's attention. For this report, GAO examined, for selected Army contracts, how the option to extend services clause was used to bridge a potential gap in services and the extent to which it was used in accordance with federal regulations.
To conduct this work, GAO relied on audit work completed as part of an October 2015 review of federal agencies' use of bridge contracts. As part of that review, GAO selected 29 contracts, including 5 Army contracts awarded by the Army Contracting Command-Redstone Arsenal, for an in-depth review. To review the Army contracts, GAO collected and analyzed contract documentation and interviewed contracting and program officials. In addition, GAO reviewed FAR sections 37.111 and 17.208 (f), which provides for the use of FAR clause 52.217-8, the option to extend services, to better understand the rules related to the use of this clause, and compared the Army's use of this clause on the selected contracts to the terms and limitations of the clause.
Recommendations
GAO recommends that the Executive Director of the Army Contracting Command-Redstone Arsenal provide training and, in a timely manner, issue a formal reminder to contracting officers on the appropriate use of the option to extend services clause, in particular the period of performance limitations prescribed by the FAR. The Department of Defense concurred with the recommendation.
Recommendations for Executive Action
| Agency Affected | Recommendation | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Army Contracting Command-Redstone Arsenal | The Executive Director of the Army Contracting Command-Redstone Arsenal should provide training and, in a timely manner, issue a formal reminder to contracting officers on the appropriate use of the option to extend services clause, in particular the period of performance limitations prescribed by the clause. |
The Army Contracting Command (ACC) has addressed this recommendation. In July 2016, ACC's Executive Director sent a formal reminder via email to contracting officers on the appropriate use of the option to extend services clause, including the period of performance limitations prescribed by the clause. In addition, according to an ACC official, in April 2016 ACC's Executive Director presented information on the proper use of the option to extend clause to ACC directors and certain contract supervisors, with the expectation that the information be carried forward to others within ACC.
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