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Open Recommendations (25 total)

Bureau of Prisons: Additional Actions Needed to Improve Restrictive Housing Practices

GAO-24-105737
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7 Open Recommendations
2 Priority
Agency Affected Recommendation Status
Bureau of Prisons
Priority Rec.
The Director of BOP should develop and implement a mechanism to identify causes of common deficiencies that recur across multiple facilities and take steps to address those causes. (Recommendation 3)
Open – Partially Addressed
As of September 2024, BOP has actions underway to address this recommendation. BOP has developed a new internal audit process to verify and document that facilities have implemented corrective actions to address deficiencies identified during internal audits. In March 2024, BOP issued interim guidance to facility leadership describing this new process. According to this interim guidance, the new internal audit process is designed to identify causes of common findings that recur across multiple facilities and to implement a follow-up process to mitigate the recurrence of findings. To fully implement this recommendation, BOP must provide documentation showing that a mechanism to identify and address causes of common deficiencies that recur across multiple facilities has been implemented within the new internal audit process. We will continue to monitor BOP's actions to address this recommendation.
Bureau of Prisons The Director of BOP should develop and execute an approach to fully implement all the 2014 and 2016 restrictive housing reports recommendations. For each recommendation that has not yet been implemented, the approach should include assigning implementation responsibility to appropriate officials, establishing a time frame for completion, and monitoring progress. In instances where BOP does not concur with a 2014 recommendation or deems it impractical, it should document its rationale and the alternative steps, if any, it plans to take. (Recommendation 1)
Open – Partially Addressed
As of September 2024, BOP has actions underway to address this recommendation. BOP has developed a recommendation implementation table to set forth its action steps for implementing the remaining open recommendations. The table is designed to also document BOP's rationale for its disagreement with any open recommendations and note the alternate steps it plans to take, if any, to address those recommendations. For each recommendation BOP agrees with and that has not been implemented, BOP has work underway to develop implementation plans, including assigning implementation responsibility to appropriate officials, and establishing time frames for completion. To fully implement this recommendation, BOP must finalize the table and execute its planned approach. We will continue to monitor BOP's actions to address this recommendation.
Bureau of Prisons The Director of BOP should develop and implement a mechanism for routinely evaluating SMU review documentation to ensure that incarcerated individuals progress through the SMU program levels in accordance with SMU policy should BOP reinstate the SMU program. (Recommendation 6)
Open
BOP officials told us in September 2024 that it is working to identify an appropriate replacement for the SMU program in conjunction with the ongoing National Institute of Justice study. This study is focused on the use and impact of restrictive housing in federal correctional facilities. Should BOP implement a replacement to the SMU program, we will monitor BOP's actions to address this recommendation.
Bureau of Prisons The Director of BOP should conduct an evaluation of previous SMU placements to determine and address the cause of disproportionate representation of individuals in certain racial groups in the SMU population. (Recommendation 4)
Open
BOP officials told us in September 2024 that it plans to evaluate SMU placement from 2018 - 2022 to determine whether there was disproportionate representation. If the evaluation results in a finding that disproportionate representation existed, BOP will assess what additional steps may be appropriate. We will continue to monitor BOP's actions to address this recommendation.
Bureau of Prisons
Priority Rec.
The Director of BOP should enhance oversight by developing and implementing a process to verify and document that facilities have implemented corrective actions that fully address all deficiencies. (Recommendation 2)
Open – Partially Addressed
As of September 2024, BOP has actions underway to address this recommendation. BOP has developed a new internal audit process to verify and document that facilities have implemented corrective actions to address deficiencies identified during internal audits. In March 2024, BOP issued interim guidance to facility leadership describing this new process. According to this guidance, the new internal audit process is designed to identify causes of common findings that recur across multiple facilities and to implement a follow-up process to mitigate the recurrence of findings. To fully implement this recommendation, BOP must finalize and approve the program statement establishing the new audit process. We will continue to monitor BOP's actions to fully implement this recommendation.
Bureau of Prisons The Director of BOP should develop and implement a process to routinely analyze administrative remedy program data. (Recommendation 7)
Open
BOP officials told us in September 2024 that it plans to incorporate a review of Administrative Remedy Program data into a broader analyses of policy concerns and issues. In particular, because the Administrative Remedy Program does not currently collect and review data for the purposes of routine analysis, BOP officials said their General Counsel and research and evaluation staff were coordinating to determine the feasibility of an approach to address this recommendation. We will continue to monitor BOP's actions to address this recommendation.
Bureau of Prisons The Director of BOP should develop and implement a mechanism for routinely monitoring the extent to which facilities are applying the SMU placement criteria consistently and equitably across all BOP facilities should BOP reinstate the SMU program. (Recommendation 5)
Open
BOP officials told us in September 2024 that it is working to identify an appropriate replacement for the SMU program in conjunction with the ongoing National Institute of Justice study. This study is focused on the use and impact of restrictive housing in federal correctional facilities. Should BOP implement a replacement to the SMU program, we will monitor BOP's actions to address this recommendation.

Bureau of Prisons: Additional Actions Needed to Improve Restrictive Housing Practices

GAO-24-105737
Show
1 Open Recommendations
Agency Affected Recommendation Status
Bureau of Prisons The Director of BOP should develop and implement a process to address any identified patterns of noncompliance related to restrictive housing policies and other areas of program weaknesses. (Recommendation 8)
Open
BOP officials told us in September 2024 that it plans to incorporate a review of Administrative Remedy Program data into a broader analyses of policy concerns and issues. In particular, because the Administrative Remedy Program does not currently collect and review data for the purposes of routine analysis, BOP officials said their General Counsel and research and evaluation staff were coordinating to determine the feasibility of an approach to address recommendation 7. Addressing recommendation 7 is closely linked to addressing this recommendation (Recommendation 8), thus no action can be taken here until recommendation 7 is implemented. We will continue to monitor BOP's actions to address this recommendation.

Federal Prisons: Bureau of Prisons Should Improve Efforts to Implement its Risk and Needs Assessment System

GAO-23-105139
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1 Open Recommendations
1 Priority
Agency Affected Recommendation Status
Bureau of Prisons
Priority Rec.
The Director of BOP should develop a mechanism to monitor, on an ongoing basis, if it is offering a sufficient amount of evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and productive activities to meet the needs of its incarcerated population. (Recommendation 6)
Open
In March 2023, we reported that BOP does not have a mechanism to monitor, on an ongoing basis, if it is offering a sufficient amount of evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and productive activities to meet the needs of the incarcerated population at each facility. To help address this issue, we recommended that BOP develop such a mechanism and BOP concurred. In September 2023, BOP officials stated they were in the process of developing a First Step Act Dashboard, which would display the level of needs and the amount of programming available to meet those needs at each facility. According to these officials, the First Step Act Dashboard would allow BOP to monitor trends, increase areas of emphasis, and shift focus and resources. In February 2024, BOP officials stated the initial construction of the dashboard was completed in the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, and they are working with the contractor to troubleshoot data access limitations. Upon resolution of the limitations, officials stated the dashboard will then be customized to meet the needs for executive-level purposes. In August 2024, BOP officials stated that they are working with the contractor and the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms to develop a data transfer protocol and exploring options for expanding access to all BOP regions and facilities. BOP estimated the dashboard completion date to be December 2024. To fully address this recommendation, BOP will need to fully implement a mechanism that it can use to monitor if it is offering a sufficient amount of evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and productive activities to meet the needs of its incarcerated population at each facility.

Federal Prisons: Bureau of Prisons Should Improve Efforts to Implement its Risk and Needs Assessment System

GAO-23-105139
Show
1 Open Recommendations
1 Priority
Agency Affected Recommendation Status
Bureau of Prisons
Priority Rec.
The Director of BOP should ensure its plan for evaluating evidence-based recidivism reduction programs has pre-established, quantifiable goals that align with the First Step Act, and includes clear milestone dates. (Recommendation 4)
Open – Partially Addressed
In March 2023, we reported that BOP's evaluation plan for its evidence-based recidivism reduction programs did not include pre-established, quantifiable goals that align with the First Step Act or clear milestone dates for the evaluation of most of its programs. Accordingly, we recommended that BOP ensure its plan included these elements and BOP concurred. In response, in August 2023, BOP updated its evaluation plan to include milestone dates (i.e. initiation and anticipated completion dates for all of its evaluations) through fiscal year 2026 and goals and research questions for those evaluations that have been initiated. In September 2023, BOP officials stated that while long-term outcomes will primarily focus on recidivism, short-term outcomes will vary by program. Officials stated that specific research questions for each project are developed in collaboration with the researchers. However, BOP's updated evaluation plan did not include timeframes for all of its evidence-based recidivism reduction programs and did not include pre-established, quantifiable goals that align with the First Step Act. Specifically, the Attorney General is required to conduct ongoing research on which evidence-based recidivism reduction programs are the most effective at reducing recidivism, and the type, amount, and intensity of programming that most effectively reduces the risk of recidivism. In February 2024, BOP officials stated they revised their evaluation plan in January 2024, which states that BOP will revise its plan in 2026 to include the evaluation of programs not currently included. It further states that plans for future evaluations are dependent upon the availability of resources and funding as well as the ability to prioritize evaluations from a current list of programs, which is subject to change. While the evaluation plan references the First Step Act requirements, it does not indicate how BOP will determine which programs are the most effective at reducing recidivism, and the type, amount, and intensity of programming that most effectively reduces the risk of recidivism. To fully address this recommendation, BOP should ensure that its plan to evaluate evidence-based recidivism reduction programs include goals that align with the First Step Act. Specifically, BOP should include goals that ensure its planned evaluations will address the mandated requirements to determine which programs are the most effective at reducing recidivism, and the type, amount, and intensity of programming that most effectively reduces the risk of recidivism.
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