International Trade: Long-Term Bilateral Grain Agreements and Grain Countertrade

In response to a congressional request, GAO reviewed long-term bilateral grain agreements (LBGA) and countertrade, focusing on: (1) foreign countries' use of LBGA and countertrade; (2) motivating factors for foreign countries to engage in such trade practices; and (3) the prospects for U.S. use of LBGA and countertrade to enhance grain exports.