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U.S. Postal Service: Data Needed to Assess the Effectiveness of Outsourcing

GAO-08-787 Published: Jul 24, 2008. Publicly Released: Jul 24, 2008.
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Highlights

The U.S. Postal Service (the Service) has a long history of contracting out postal functions, such as mail transportation, mail delivery in rural areas, vehicle and equipment maintenance, and retail postal services. However, postal employees also perform many of these same functions and unions representing these employees have concerns about the scope and impact of outsourcing. The objectives of this requested report are to assess (1) the circumstances under which the Service can outsource postal functions, how it decides to outsource, and the extent to which it has outsourced; (2) how the Service's management processes compare for contractors and postal employees; and (3) the results, including any savings, and key challenges related to the Service's outsourcing activities. GAO reviewed applicable statutes, collective bargaining agreements, postal processes and outsourcing data, and interviewed postal union and management officials.

Recommendations

Recommendations for Executive Action

Agency Affected Recommendation Status
United States Postal Service To improve management decision-making and accountability in this area, the Postmaster General should establish a process to measure the results and effectiveness of Service outsourcing activities that are subject to collective bargaining. This process should include tracking actual costs and any savings, and comparing them with estimated costs and savings.
Closed – Implemented
Postal officials told us in June 2009 that the Postal Service has taken the initial steps to establish a process to compare the cost assumptions underlying the decision to outsource contained in the final financial comparative analysis with the actual contract award one year after implementation, with an adjustment for any ramp-up period. This data will be sourced through the appropriate contracting officer, a headquarters finance team, and the pertinent sponsoring organization. Such analysis will be completed for national Article 32.1.B. considerations approved after July 2008. The process will be monitored by the Strategic Initiatives Action Group, the cross-functional committee responsible for coordinating the processes involved in reviewing, approving, and monitoring proposed outsourcing initiatives. Findings will be presented to senior management on the outsourcing approval board. The Program Performance Office, Finance and Planning Department, USPS,has initiated the process and conducted preliminary meetings with the responsible contacts from purchasing and the sponsoring organizations so as to be ready to conduct the one-year evaluation described above. The first such analyses will be required in 2010. We will leave this recommendation open until actual results are provided. In August 2010, postal officials told us that the Postal Service has taken steps to establish a process to compare the cost assumptions underlying the decision to outsource contained in the final financial comparative analysis with the actual contract award one year after implementation, with an adjustment for any ramp-up period and that they had completed the one-year analysis of their first project. This response indicates implementation of our recommendation and we will close this recommendation. We will also create an accomplishment report for this recommendation.
United States Postal Service To support congressional oversight, the Postmaster General should include information on the results and effectiveness of these ongoing outsourcing activities in its annual operations report (Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations) to Congress.
Closed – Not Implemented
Postal officials told us in June 2009 that the Postal Service will retain this information with its headquarters finance department, rather than publish the information in the Comprehensive Statement on Postal Operations. This is the same response officials gave us in their formal comments to the report prior to publication. This action is not responsive to our recommendation to support congressional oversight by making the results of outsourcing activities available in its annual operations report to Congress. In August 2010, postal officials reiterated that their position remained the same as their 2008 formal comments to the report and their 2009 response to us. Considering that the Postal Service's position has not changed in two years and they decline to implement the recommendation, we will close the recommendation as Not Implemented.

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Topics

Collective bargainingCollective bargaining agreementsContractor personnelCost analysisCost effectiveness analysisEmploymentEvaluation criteriaEvaluation methodsFederal procurementLabor unionsPerformance appraisalPerformance measuresPostal servicePostal service employeesProductivity in governmentService contracts