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Financial Restatements: Update of Public Company Trends, Market Impacts, and Regulatory Enforcement Activities

GAO-06-678 Published: Jul 24, 2006. Publicly Released: Aug 01, 2006.
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Highlights

In 2002, GAO reported that the number of restatement announcements due to financial reporting fraud and/or accounting errors grew significantly between January 1997 and June 2002, negatively impacting the restating companies' market capitalization by billions of dollars. GAO was asked to update key aspects of its 2002 report (GAO-03-138). This report discusses (1) the number of, reasons for, and other trends in restatements; (2) the impact of restatement announcements on the restating companies' stock prices and what is known about investors' confidence in U.S. capital markets; and (3) regulatory enforcement actions involving accounting- and audit-related issues. To address these issues, GAO collected restatement announcements meeting GAO's criteria, calculated and analyzed the impact on company stock prices, obtained input from researchers, and analyzed selected regulatory enforcement actions.

Recommendations

Recommendations for Executive Action

Agency Affected Recommendation Status
United States Securities and Exchange Commission To better enable SEC to enforce its regulations and improve the consistency and transparency of information provided to investors about financial restatements, SEC should take specific actions to improve oversight and compliance of disclosures of certain restatements. SEC should direct the head of the Division of Corporation Finance to investigate the instances of potential noncompliance we, and Glass Lewis, identified, and take appropriate corrective action against any companies determined to have filed a deficient filing.
Closed – Implemented
SEC agreed entirely with this recommendation. The agency said that while it is the Commission's policy to conduct its investigations on a confidential basis, and therefore the agency cannot confirm or deny the existence of an investigation, the Division of Corporation of Finance has been made aware of our findings and have taken appropriate actions, including making referrals to the Commission's Division of Enforcement where that is merited. The Division of Corporation Finance completed its review of potential noncompliance cases in 2007.
United States Securities and Exchange Commission To better enable SEC to enforce its regulations and improve the consistency and transparency of information provided to investors about financial restatements, SEC should take specific actions to improve oversight and compliance of disclosures of certain restatements. SEC should harmonize existing instructions and guidance concerning Item 4.02 by amending the instructions to Form 8-K and other relevant periodic filings to clearly state that an Item 4.02 disclosure on Form 8-K is required for all determinations of non-reliance on previously issued financial statements (Item 4.02), irrespective of whether such information has been disclosed on a periodic report or elsewhere.
Closed – Implemented
In a January 2008 speech, an SEC official said that SEC is likely to propose rulemaking this year that would require the filing of a Form 8-K any time a company has determined to restate its financial statements. Subsequently, on 8/1/08, the Advisory Committee on Improvements to Financial Reporting issued its final report with recommendations to increase the usefulness of financial information to investors. Recommendation 3.2 reflects GAO's recommendation on Item 4.02 of the Form 8K. Chairman Cox has asked SEC staff to immediately begin analyzing these recommendations and to prepare regulatory actions based on them wherever appropriate. As of 6/25/10 this matter remains current in that the Commission has identified it as a pending matter in the spring 2010 (most recently published) Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions. An SEC official said that this project has been overtaken by other events and the timing of further work is subject to resources available and to Congressional priorities - such as those that will require immediate rulemaking work in response to Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Since the Commission has included this recommendation in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions as a pending matter, it is concluded that SEC has implemented the recommendation.

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Accounting proceduresAccounting standardsAuditing standardsCorporationsFinancial managementFinancial statementsInternal controlsInvestmentsStock exchangesStrategic planning