B-145722, SEP 1, 1961

B-145722, SEP 1, 1961

PRECIS-UNAVAILABLE

HONORABLE LEONARD CARMICHAEL:

SECRETARY, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

YOUR LETTER DATED MAY 3, 1961, ADVISES THAT THE INSTITUTION PLANS AN INITIAL INSTALLATION OF A RADIO LECTURE SYSTEM IN FIVE GALLERIES OF THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, WITH SUBSEQUENT EXPANSIONS TO INCLUDE 30 GALLERIES. TO ASSESS THE ADVANTAGES OF OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, INSTALLATION AND GENERAL QUALITY OF THE VARIOUS RADIO LECTURE SYSTEMS AVAILABLE, FIVE SUPPLIERS WERE INVITED TO INSTALL AND DEMONSTRATE THEIR PRODUCTS IN SELECTED GALLERIES OF THE MUSEUM, AND FOUR SUCH INSTALLATIONS WERE MADE FOR TRIAL PERIODS. AS A RESULT OF THESE DEMONSTRATIONS YOU HAVE CONCLUDED THAT THE EXPERIENCE AND CAPABILITY OF THE INSTALLER IS EQUAL IN IMPORTANCE TO THE KIND OF EQUIPMENT USED AND THAT SPECIFICATIONS TO ASSURE THE SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM WOULD BE BASED IN LARGE MEASURE ON THE CAPABILITY AND EXPERIENCE OF THE INSTALLER.

FOR THESE REASONS YOU STATE THAT BELIEF THAT COMPETITION UNDER NORMAL BIDDING PROCEDURES CANNOT BE EXPECTED TO PRODUCE THE QUALITY OF PERFORMANCE REQUIRED FOR THE SYSTEMS, BUT THAT ON THE BASIS OF THE TRIAL DEMONSTRATIONS A CONTRACT SHOULD BE NEGOTIATED FOR THE INSTALLATION, AND YOU INQUIRE WHETHER THE TRIALS MAY BE CONSIDERED TO CONSTITUTE COMPETITION WITHIN THE MEANING AND INTENT OF APPLICABLE REGULATIONS.

IN A SEPARATE DECISION TO YOU OF THIS DATE (B-145878) WE HAD OCCASION TO CONSIDER THE UNIQUE CHARACTER AND STATUS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND CONCLUDED THAT THE DISCRETIONARY POWERS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS WITH RESPECT TO THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF THE BUILDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ARE NOT SUBJECT TO THE STATUTES GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. IT WOULD APPEAR THAT THE PROPOSED RADIO LECTURE SYSTEM IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO AND IN AID OF THE PRESENTATION OF THE MUSEUM EXHIBITS TO THE PUBLIC AND, THEREFORE, INVOLVES THE EXERCISE OF THE PRIMARY TRUST FUNCTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION-- NAMELY, "THE INCREASE AND DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG MEN." IN VIEW THEREOF WE BELIEVE THAT THE DETERMINATION OF THE MEANS AND THE SELECTION OF THE CONTRACTOR TO BE EMPLOYED WOULD BE CLEARLY WITHIN THE DISCRETION OF THE REGENTS, IF THE INSTALLATION WERE TO BE CHARGED TO THE INCOME FROM THE TRUST FUNDS OF THE INSTITUTION.

HOWEVER, IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT THE COST OF THE LECTURE SYSTEM IS TO BE CHARGED TO FUNDS APPROPRIATED BY THE CONGRESS AND, IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY CONTRARY PROVISION IN THE APPROPRIATION ACT, WE MUST ASSUME THAT IT WAS NOT INTENDED BY THE CONGRESS THAT SUCH FUNDS SHOULD BE EXPENDED WITHOUT REGARD TO THE GENERAL PROVISIONS OF LAW GOVERNING THE DISPOSITION OF GOVERNMENT FUNDS.

IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT YOUR DESIRE TO NEGOTIATE A CONTRACT IS BASED UPON THE CONCLUSION, RESULTING FROM THE TRIAL DEMONSTRATIONS, THAT THE TECHNICAL ABILITIES AND SKILLS OF ONE OF THE POTENTIAL SOURCES, IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PARTICULAR EQUIPMENT USED BY IT, ARE EMPLOYMENT OF THAT SOURCE CAN THE MOST DESIRABLE AND EFFECTIVE RESULTS BE OBTAINED. WHILE THIS OFFICE HAS FREQUENTLY HELD THAT UNDER THE STATUTES GOVERNING GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT GENERALLY, APPROPRIATED FUNDS ARE AVAILABLE FOR EXPENDITURE ONLY TO THE EXTENT NECESSARY TO MEET THE ACTUAL NEEDS OF THE GOVERNMENT SERVICE, WE ALSO HAVE RECOGNIZED THAT THE PURCHASING AGENCIES HAVE THE RIGHT TO DETERMINE THE NEEDS OF THE SERVICE AND THEIR DETERMINATIONS MADE IN GOOD FAITH AND ON REASONABLE GROUNDS ARE NOT ORDINARILY QUESTIONED. IF NEEDS CAN BE ADEQUATELY SUPPLIED ONLY BE ONE SOURCE, ADVERTISING FOR BIDS WILL SERVE NO USEFUL PURPOSE, AND THIS IS AN EXCEPTION TO THE ADVERTISING REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 3709 OF THE REVISED STATUTES (41 U.S.C. 5) AND OF SECTION 302(C) OF THE FEDERAL PROPERTY AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ACT (41 U.S.C. 25(C)).

THE PROCEDURE FOLLOWED IN THIS INSTANCE IS SIMILAR TO THAT APPROVED BY OUR OFFICE IN A DECISION TO ONE OF YOUR PREDECESSORS, A-45491, NOVEMBER 22, 1932, IN CONNECTION WITH THE AWARD OF CONTRACTS FOR THE EXECUTION OF PAINTINGS FOR AN EXHIBIT AT THE CHICAGO CENTURY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITION. CONSIDERING THAT PRECEDENT AND ALSO THE FACT THAT THE CONTEMPLATED RADIO LECTURE SYSTEM HAS DIRECT AND SPECIFIC RELATIONSHIP TO THE FURTHERANCE OF THE PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SMITHSONIAN RATHER THAN TO MERELY ADMINISTRATIVE OR HOUSEKEEPING FUNCTIONS WHICH WOULD BE THE SAME AS THOSE OF ANY OTHER GOVERNMENT INSTRUMENTALITY, WE CONCLUDE THAT THE PROPOSED NEGOTIATION OF A CONTRACT WITH THE OFFERER WHOSE SYSTEM AND TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES HAVE BEEN DETERMINED BY YOU TO BE BEST QUALIFIED TO ACCOMPLISH YOUR PURPOSE WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED CONTRARY TO ANY PERTINENT LAW OR REGULATION.