This is the accessible text file for CG presentation number GAO-14- 759CG entitled 'Anticipating and Meeting Accountability Challenges in 2014 and Beyond' which was released on July 17, 2014. This text file was formatted by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) to be accessible to users with visual impairments, as part of a longer term project to improve GAO products' accessibility. Every attempt has been made to maintain the structural and data integrity of the original printed product. Accessibility features, such as text descriptions of tables, consecutively numbered footnotes placed at the end of the file, and the text of agency comment letters, are provided but may not exactly duplicate the presentation or format of the printed version. The portable document format (PDF) file is an exact electronic replica of the printed version. We welcome your feedback. Please E-mail your comments regarding the contents or accessibility features of this document to Webmaster@gao.gov. This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. It may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without further permission from GAO. Because this work may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately. Anticipating and Meeting Accountability Challenges in 2014 and Beyond: Association of Government Accountants: Professional Development Training:; Orlando, FL: July 14, 2014: Gene L. Dodaro: Comptroller General of the United States: U.S. Government Accountability Office: GAO-14-759CG: Overview: * GAO's Strategic Plan; * Key trends; * Related GAO work. GAO's Planning & Performance Documents: [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/sp.html] Performance & Accountability Report; Performance Plan; Strategic Plan. Strategic Plan – Trends: * Threats Confronting U.S. National Security Interests; * Fiscal Sustainability and Debt Challenges; * Changing Dynamics of Global Interdependence and Multilateral Cooperation; * Science and Technology Trends; * Advances in Communications Networks and Information Technologies; * Shifting Roles in Governance and Government; * Demographic and Societal Changes. Trend 1: Threats Confronting U.S. National Security Interests: * Continuing regional and political instability (Middle East, Africa, South Asia); * Potential for further proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; * Evolving and growing threats in cyberspace; * Climate-related risks; * Growing fiscal pressures on national security agencies; * Shifting dynamics in Asia. Figure: Selected Current U.S. Overseas Presence and Plans in the Asia- Pacific Region: [Refer to PDF for image: illustrated area map] South Korea: Currently about 26,500 U.S. forces; Japan: Currently about 51,200 U.S. forces; Guam: Currently about 6,000 U.S. forces; The Philippines: Increased expansion of rotational U.S, forces under discussion; Singapore: Plans to increase rotational U.S. presence: Australia: Plans to increase rotational U.S. presence to around 1,100 U.S. forces. Source: GAO. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Examining the implementation of U.S. programs to strengthen counterterrorism capacity in the Middle East and Africa. * Reviewing U.S. transition from a military to civilian-led presence in Afghanistan, including oversight of grants and contracts. * Analyzing initiatives to adapt and modify U.S. overseas presence and programs in Asia and other parts of the world. * Reviewing U.S. efforts and programs to secure and stabilize regions in conflict and the extent to which such efforts are coordinated among federal agencies. * Assessing the government's efforts to ensure the safety and security of diplomatic facilities and personnel. * Reviewing the government's efforts to identify and act on credible threats to homeland and border security. * Reviewing efforts to secure radioactive and nuclear material. * Evaluating efforts to ensure the reliability, security, and affordability of energy supply infrastructure. * Analyzing the funding and costs of military operations and programs given the fiscal pressures facing the nation. * Evaluating the implications of climate-related risks for U.S. national security agencies and their plans and programs to address these implications. [End of Trend 1] Trend 2: Fiscal Sustainability and Debt Challenges: Figure: Deficits and Debt Held by the Public Under CBO's April 2014 Baseline: [Refer to PDF for image: 2 combined vertical bar and line graph] Fiscal year: 2013; Deficit: $680 billion; Debt held by the public: $11.983 trillion. Fiscal year: 2014; Deficit: $492 billion; Debt held by the public: $12.740 trillion. Fiscal year: 2015; Deficit: $469 billion; Debt held by the public: $13.285 trillion. Fiscal year: 2016; Deficit: $536 billion; Debt held by the public: $13.884 trillion. Fiscal year: 2017; Deficit: $576 billion; Debt held by the public: $14,523 trillion. Fiscal year: 2018; Deficit: $627 billion; Debt held by the public: $15.202 trillion. Fiscal year: 2019; Deficit: $722 billion; Debt held by the public: $15.977 trillion. Fiscal year: 2020; Deficit: $804 billion; Debt held by the public: $16.835 trillion. Fiscal year: 2021; Deficit: $878 billion; Debt held by the public: $17.769 trillion. Fiscal year: 2022; Deficit: $998 billion; Debt held by the public: $18.823 trillion. Fiscal year: 2023; Deficit: $1,005 trillion; Debt held by the public: $19.995 trillion. Fiscal year: 2024; Deficit: $1.003 trillion; Debt held by the public: $20.947 trillion. Percentage of GDP: Fiscal year: 2013; Deficit: 4.1%; Debt held by the public: 72.1%. Fiscal year: 2014; Deficit: 2.8%; Debt held by the public: 73.8%. Fiscal year: 2015; Deficit: 2.6%; Debt held by the public: 73.3%. Fiscal year: 2016; Deficit: 2.8%; Debt held by the public: 72.8%. Fiscal year: 2017; Deficit: 2.9%; Debt held by the public: 72.4%. Fiscal year: 2018; Deficit: 3.0%; Debt held by the public: 72.5%. Fiscal year: 2019; Deficit: 3.3%; Debt held by the public: 73.1%. Fiscal year: 2020; Deficit: 3.5%; Debt held by the public: 73.8%. Fiscal year: 2021; Deficit: 3.7%; Debt held by the public: 74.8%. Fiscal year: 2022; Deficit: 4.0%; Debt held by the public: 76.1%. Fiscal year: 2023; Deficit: 3.9%; Debt held by the public: 77.1%. Fiscal year: 2024; Deficit: 3.7%; Debt held by the public: 78.1%. [End of figure] Figure: Debt Held by the Public under Two Fiscal Policy Simulations: [Refer to PDF for image: multiple line graph] Percentage of GDP: Historical high: 109% in 1946. Fiscal year: 2000; Baseline extended: 34.72%; Alternative: 34.72%. Fiscal year: 2001; Baseline extended: 32.46%; Alternative: 32.46%. Fiscal year: 2002; Baseline extended: 33.58%; Alternative: 33.58%. Fiscal year: 2003; Baseline extended: 35.64%; Alternative: 35.64%. Fiscal year: 2004; Baseline extended: 36.76%; Alternative: 36.76%. Fiscal year: 2005; Baseline extended: 36.9%; Alternative: 36.9%. Fiscal year: 2006; Baseline extended: 36.51%; Alternative: 36.51%. Fiscal year: 2007; Baseline extended: 36.25%; Alternative: 36.25%. Fiscal year: 2008; Baseline extended: 40.32%; Alternative: 40.32%. Fiscal year: 2009; Baseline extended: 53.52%; Alternative: 53.52%. Fiscal year: 2010; Baseline extended: 62.8%; Alternative: 62.8%. Fiscal year: 2011; Baseline extended: 67.72%; Alternative: 67.72%. Fiscal year: 2012; Baseline extended: 72.8%; Alternative: 72.8%. Fiscal year: 2013; Baseline extended: 76.1%; Alternative: 78.6%. Fiscal year: 2014; Baseline extended: 76.6%; Alternative: 82.4%. Fiscal year: 2015; Baseline extended: 73.8%; Alternative: 82.8%. Fiscal year: 2016; Baseline extended: 70.8%; Alternative: 82.8%. Fiscal year: 2017; Baseline extended: 67.9%; Alternative: 82.9%. Fiscal year: 2018; Baseline extended: 65.2%; Alternative: 83.2%. Fiscal year: 2019; Baseline extended: 63.2%; Alternative: 84.4%. Fiscal year: 2020; Baseline extended: 61.4%; Alternative: 85.9%. Fiscal year: 2021; Baseline extended: 59.8%; Alternative: 87.7%. Fiscal year: 2022; Baseline extended: 58.5%; Alternative: 89.9%. Fiscal year: 2023; Baseline extended: 57.8%; Alternative: 93.1%. Fiscal year: 2024; Baseline extended: 57.5%; Alternative: 97.4%. Fiscal year: 2025; Baseline extended: 57.8%; Alternative: 102.6%. Fiscal year: 2026; Baseline extended: 58.2%; Alternative: 108.4%. Fiscal year: 2027; Baseline extended: 59%; Alternative: 114.5%. Fiscal year: 2028; Baseline extended: 60%; Alternative: 121.2%. Fiscal year: 2029; Baseline extended: 61.2%; Alternative: 128.5%. Fiscal year: 2030; Baseline extended: 62.6%; Alternative: 136.2%. Fiscal year: 2031; Baseline extended: 64.2%; Alternative: 144.4%. Fiscal year: 2032; Baseline extended: 66%; Alternative: 152.9%. Fiscal year: 2033; Baseline extended: 67.8%; Alternative: 161.6%. Fiscal year: 2034; Baseline extended: 69.8%; Alternative: 170.5%. Fiscal year: 2035; Baseline extended: 71.9%; Alternative: 179.7%. Fiscal year: 2036; Baseline extended: 74.2%; Alternative: 189.1%. Fiscal year: 2037; Baseline extended: 76.6%; Alternative: 198.8%. Fiscal year: 2038; Baseline extended: 79.1%. Fiscal year: 2039; Baseline extended: 81.7%. Fiscal year: 2040; Baseline extended: 84.4%. Fiscal year: 2041; Baseline extended: 87.1%. Fiscal year: 2042; Baseline extended: 89.9%. Fiscal year: 2043; Baseline extended: 92.7%. Fiscal year: 2044; Baseline extended: 95.7%. Fiscal year: 2045; Baseline extended: 98.7%. Fiscal year: 2046; Baseline extended: 101.9%. Fiscal year: 2047; Baseline extended: 105.3%. Fiscal year: 2048; Baseline extended: 108.6%. Fiscal year: 2049; Baseline extended: 112.1%. Fiscal year: 2050; Baseline extended: 115.6%. Fiscal year: 2051; Baseline extended: 119.1%. Fiscal year: 2052; Baseline extended: 122.8%. Fiscal year: 2053; Baseline extended: 126.5%. Fiscal year: 2054; Baseline extended: 130.2%. Fiscal year: 2055; Baseline extended: 134%. Fiscal year: 2056; Baseline extended: 138%. Fiscal year: 2057; Baseline extended: 142.1%. Fiscal year: 2058; Baseline extended: 146.2%. Fiscal year: 2059; Baseline extended: 150.4%. Fiscal year: 2060; Baseline extended: 154.7%. Source: GAO. [End of figure] Revenues and Composition of Spending in the Alternative Simulation: [Refer to PDF for image: stacked vertical bar and line graph] Percentage of GDP: Fiscal year: 2010; Net interest: 1.4%; Social Security: 4.7%; Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, and exchange subsidies: 4.9%; All other spending: 12.4%; Revenue: 14.6%. Fiscal year: 2020; Net interest: 3.0%; Social Security: 5.2%; Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, and exchange subsidies: 5.9%; All other spending: 8.4%; Revenue: 17.6%. Fiscal year: 2030; Net interest: 5.7%; Social Security: 5.9%; Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, and exchange subsidies: 7.3%; All other spending: 9.5%; Revenue: 17.4%. Fiscal year: 2040; Net interest: 9.6%; Social Security: 6.0%; Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP, and exchange subsidies: 8.9%; All other spending: 9.5%; Revenue: 17.4%. Source: GAO. [End of figure] State and Local Governments Face Increasing Fiscal Challenges: [Refer to PDF for image: line graph] Percent of GDP: Year: 2005; Operating Balance: 0.006%. Year: 2010; Operating Balance: -0.5%. Year: 2015; Operating Balance: -1.5%. Year: 2020; Operating Balance: -1.3%. Year: 2025; Operating Balance: -1.5%. Year: 2030; Operating Balance: -1.9%. Year: 2035; Operating Balance: -2.2%. Year: 2040; Operating Balance: -2.5%. Year: 2045; Operating Balance: -2.9%. Year: 2050; Operating Balance: -3.2%. Year: 2055; Operating Balance: -3.5%. Year: 2060; Operating Balance: -3.9%. Source: GAO simulations, updated April 2013. Note: Historical data are from BEA's National Income and Product Accounts. Data in 2012 are GAO estimates aligned with published data where available. GAO simulations are from 2013 to 2060, using many CBO projections and assumptions, particularly for the next 10 years. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Performing long-term fiscal simulations and analyzing the drivers of the fiscal position of federal and state and local sectors, including tax policy, health, disability & retirement programs. * Analyzing federal debt & debt management, including the debt limit. * Improving the quality of financial and cost information. * Identifying and recommending solutions to reduce the risk of waste, fraud, and abuse and improper payments. * Identifying opportunities to reduce or eliminate fragmentation, overlap, and duplication in government programs and activities. * Identifying specific opportunities to reduce the tax gap. * Monitoring and evaluating GPRA program effectiveness. [End of Trend 2] Trend 3: The Changing Dynamics of Global Interdependence & Multilateral Cooperation: Figure: Five Year Economic Growth Forecast for Select Countries: [Refer to PDF for image: horizontal bar graph] Forecast real GDP growth 2014-2018 (average annual percentage change: CIVETS (Columbia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa): Vietnam: 6.2%; Indonesia: 6.1%; Turkey: 4.8%; Colombia: 4.3%; South Africa: 4.2%; Egypt: 4.1%. G7: United States: 2.5%; Canada: 2.3%; United Kingdom: 1.9%; France: 1.4%; Germany: 1.4%; Japan: 1.4%; Italy: 0.9%. BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China): China: 6.7%; India: 6.3%; Russia: 3.6%; Brazil: 3.1%. Other emerging markets: Nigeria: 6.8%; South Korea: 4%; Mexico: 3.7%. Source: GAO analysis of Economist Intelligence Unit data. [End of figure] Figure: Forecast of Current Account Balances, 2013-2018: [Refer to PDF for image: multiple line graph] Dollars in billions: Year: 2013; United States: -$451.458; European Union: $253.113; China: $224. Year: 2014; United States: -$489.182; European Union: $290.528; China: $259, Year: 2015; United States: -$524.548; European Union: $327.062; China: $317. Year: 2016; United States: -$563.502; European Union: $352.21; China: $390. Year: 2017; United States: -$605.698; European Union: $384.488; China: $463. Year: 2018; United States: -$638.939; European Union: $414.462; China: $559. Source: International Monetary Fund, Word Economic Outlook Database, October 2013. [End of figure] * Examining the implementation, progress, and efficacy of national & international financial regulatory reforms and efforts to create a more stable financial system, including work examining systemically important financial institutions. * Evaluating threats to exploit vulnerabilities across the global financial system, including tax evasion, corruption, fraud, cyber attacks on financial institutions, and money laundering. * Analyzing the effectiveness of U.S. government programs designed to protect critical technologies. * Assessing efforts to preserve U.S. economic and national security interests as the global supplier base widens. * Evaluating efforts to ensure a safe food supply and medical products. * Evaluating the effectiveness of federal programs to prevent, prepare for, and respond to public health emergencies. * Evaluate U.S. government media programs to improve the U.S. image abroad. * Assessing U.S. export promotion programs and other trade-related jobs creation activities. * Analyzing energy market regulation, competition, and information. * Evaluating U.S. efforts to address unfair trade practices and monitor and enforce the labor and environment provisions of recent international trade agreements. * Assessing federal efforts to provide development and humanitarian assistance, including those to enhance international food security. [End of Trend 3] Trend 4: Advances in Science and Technology: * Emerging technologies: - Nanotechnology & manufacturing; - 3-D printing; - Synthetic biology; - Unmanned aircraft systems; * Energy and natural resources nexus; * Science, technology, engineering and mathematics education. Related GAO work: * Performing studies and technology assessments of S&T issues, such as nanomanufacturing, next generation nuclear reactors, freshwater conservation, national and homeland defense systems, and additive manufacturing. * Enhancing the security and privacy of computer systems and networks supporting federal operations and critical infrastructures. * Assessing the government's planning, implementation, and use of information technology, including health IT. * Improving transparency and governance of major IT projects. * Assessing the management and results of the federal investment in science and technology and the effectiveness of efforts to protect intellectual property. [End of Trend 4] Trend 5: Communications Networks and Information Technology: Figure: Growth in data created, replicated, or consumed in the United States: [Refer to PDF for image: line graph] Year: 2009; Exabytes: 310. Year: 2010; Exabytes: 512. Year: 2011; Exabytes: 699. Year: 2012; Exabytes: 898. Year: 2013; Exabytes: 1,166. Year: 2014; Exabytes: 1,542. Year: 2015; Exabytes: 1,960. Year: 2016; Exabytes: 2,491. Year: 2017; Exabytes: 3,148. Year: 2018; Exabytes: 3,998. Year: 2019; Exabytes: 5,124. Year: 2020; Exabytes: 6,617. Source: GAO analysis of EMC-IDC Digital Universe Study. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Assessing federal efforts to promote affordable access to broadband Internet services. * Reviewing the management of government and interconnected public-safety networks. * Assessing DHS's efforts to enhance the resiliency of critical national assets, networks, and systems. * Reducing duplicative and inefficient legacy IT spending through data center consolidation and portfolio management. * Evaluating the management of telecommunications products and services purchased government-wide. [End of Trend 5] Trend 6: Shifting Roles in Government and Governance: Figure: United States Federalism in Practice: [Refer to PDF for image: illustration] Series of networked circles: 50 States: Many state and quasi-governmental agencies. Nonprofit Sector: Approximately 33,000 human service NPs with federal contracts. Federal: 14 executive departments & about 200 agencies & sub-agencies. Many Local: 3,031 counties; 19,519 municipalities; 16,360 townships; 12,880 school districts; 38,266 special districts[A]. For-profit Sector: federal and state/local contractors. In 2012, there were 90,056 local governments in the United States. [A] Examples of special districts include mosquito abatement districts, utility districts, water and sewer districts, transit authorities, etc. Sources: GAO graphic based on U.S. Census Bureau, Government Organization Summary Report 2012 (Released Sept. 26, 2013), U.S. Government Manual: 2009-10; and Urban Institute's National Study of Nonprofit-Government Contracting Survey Results (2009 Data). [End of figure] Figure: Federal Outlays for Grants to State and Local Governments and Medicaid (2011 Constant Dollars): [Refer to PDF for image: stacked line graph] Dollars in billions: Fiscal year: 1980; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $220.6; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $33.7. Fiscal year: 1981; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $208.1; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $37.0. Fiscal year: 1982; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $181.3; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $35.8. Fiscal year: 1983; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $182.1; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $37.4. Fiscal year: 1984; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $185.3; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $38.1. Fiscal year: 1985; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $194.8; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $41.7. Fiscal year: 1986; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $202.0; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $45.0. Fiscal year: 1987; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $189.9; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $48.1. Fiscal year: 1988; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $195.8; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $51.7. Fiscal year: 1989; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $199.2; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $56.5. Fiscal year: 1990; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $213.2; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $64.8. Fiscal year: 1991; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $234.6; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $79.8. Fiscal year: 1992; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $263.5; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $100.4. Fiscal year: 1993; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $280.3; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $109.7. Fiscal year: 1994; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $298.6; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $116.3. Fiscal year: 1995; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $312.4; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $123.7. Fiscal year: 1996; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $310.3; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $125.3. Fiscal year: 1997; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $313.2; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $127.8. Fiscal year: 1998; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $325.1; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $133.7. Fiscal year: 1999; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $349.2; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $140.8. Fiscal year: 2000; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $365.4; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $150.7. Fiscal year: 2001; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $397.8; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $161.6. Fiscal year: 2002; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $433.5; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $181.4. Fiscal year: 2003; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $467.8; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $193.6. Fiscal year: 2004; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $478.5; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $206.9. Fiscal year: 2005; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $486.8; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $206.7. Fiscal year: 2006; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $477.4; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $198.7. Fiscal year: 2007; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $474.1; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $203.6. Fiscal year: 2008; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $481.6; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $210.3. Fiscal year: 2009; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $553.7; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $258.2. Fiscal year: 2010; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $620.4; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $278.1. Fiscal year: 2011; Federal grant outlays to state and local governments: $606.8; Medicaid federal grant outlays: $274.9. Source: GAO analysis of OMB data. [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Focusing on major areas that are at high-risk, including the U.S. Postal Service's financial condition, funding the nation's surface transportation system, and mitigating gaps in weather satellite data. * Identifying ways to improve federal acquisition of goods & services, such as through strategic sourcing and enhanced competition. * Analyzing the extent to which agencies understand and manage risks associated with their large dependence on contractor-provided services. * Assessing the government's strategy for developing and maintaining a properly-sized workforce and closing mission-critical skills gaps. * Reviewing government's ability to manage for results, including whether agencies have a cross-cutting “whole of government” perspective. * Evaluating federal agency collaboration: across federal agencies, across levels of government, and across sectors. * Assessing government's capacity to respond to governance challenges, including integration of risk management and risk identification into strategic and program planning. [End of Trend 6] Trend 7: Demographic and Societal Changes Confronting Young and Old: Figure: Large Numbers of Baby Boomers Eligible to Retire in Next 5 Years: [Refer to PDF for image: vertical bar graph] Year: 2000: 5,500. Year: 2001: 5,500. Year: 2002: 5,500. Year: 2003: 5,800. Year: 2004: 5,800. Year: 2005: 6,000. Year: 2006: 6,200. Year: 2007: 6,700. Year: 2008: 7,200. Year: 2009: 7,200. Year: 2010: 7,200. Baby boomers begin turning 65. Year: 2011: 7,600. Year: 2012: 9,100. Year: 2013: 9,200. Year: 2014: 9,100. Year: 2015: 9,400. Year: 2016: 9,400. Year: 2017: 9,700. Year: 2018: 10,000. Year: 2019: 10,200. Year: 2020: 10,700. Year: 2021: 10,700. Year: 2022: 11,000. Year: 2023: 11,200. Year: 2024: 11,200. Year: 2025: 11,600. Year: 2026: 11,400. Year: 2027: 11,400. Year: 2028: 11,300. Year: 2029: 11,400. Source: GAO analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data. [End of figure] Figure: Mean Household Incomes, by Quintiles and Top 5 Percent: [Refer to PDF for image: multiple line graph] Average annual income (in 2012 dollars): Year: 1970; Top 5 percent: $172,030; Highest quintile: $112,080; Fourth quintile: $63,310; Third quintile: $44,914; Second quintile: $27,892; Lowest quintile: $10,297. Year: 1975; Top 5 percent: $173,489; Highest quintile: $114,324; Fourth quintile: $64,752; Third quintile: $44,562; Second quintile: $27,161; Lowest quintile: $11,057. Year: 1980; Top 5 percent: $180,571; Highest quintile: $120,834; Fourth quintile: $67,770; Third quintile: $46,000; Second quintile: $27,877; Lowest quintile: $11,201. Year: 1985; Top 5 percent: $204,029; Highest quintile: $132,266; Fourth quintile: $70,808; Third quintile: $47,073; Second quintile: $28,360; Lowest quintile: $11,191. Year: 1990; Top 5 percent: $231,470; Highest quintile: $145,360; Fourth quintile: $74,903; Third quintile: $49,680; Second quintile: $30,077; Lowest quintile: $11,954. Year: 1995; Top 5 percent: $276,708; Highest quintile: $160,330; Fourth quintile: $76,829; Third quintile: $49,979; Second quintile: $29,890; Lowest quintile: $12,229. Year: 2000; Top 5 percent: $329,647; Highest quintile: $185,810; Fourth quintile: $85,746; Third quintile: $55,158; Second quintile: $33,123; Lowest quintile: $13,266. Year: 2005; Top 5 percent: $323,912; Highest quintile: $183,852; Fourth quintile: $83,900; Third quintile: $53,342; Second quintile: $31,517; Lowest quintile: $12,275. Year: 2010; Top 5 percent: $296,260; Highest quintile: $174,734; Fourth quintile: $81,365; Third quintile: $50,718; Second quintile: $29,432; Lowest quintile: $11,341. Year: 2011; Top 5 percent: $311,444; Highest quintile: $178,020; Fourth quintile: $80,080; Third quintile: $49,842; Second quintile: $29,204; Lowest quintile: $11,239. Source: GAO analysis of U.S. Census data (Current Population Survey, 1970 to 2012 Annual Social and Economic Supplements). [End of figure] Related GAO work: * Supporting health care financing and reform efforts through analyses of Medicare, Medicaid, and other health programs. * Evaluating efforts to implement the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. * Assess the policy and administrative challenges to providing Social Security and other benefits for older adults in retirement. * Identify ways to improve programs that facilitate job opportunities and skills for workers, including veterans. * Assess policy and administrative challenges to improving school readiness and K-12 education, and greater access, affordability, and completion of postsecondary education. * Evaluating efforts to assist communities with combating crime and to manage a growing federal prison population. [End of Trend 7] [End of section] Key Upcoming Events: Internal Control Standards – Late August 2014; High Risk Update – Early 2015; Data Forum Community of Practice; Audit of Consolidated Financial Statements – Early 2015; Overlap and Duplication – Spring 2015. [End of section] On the Web: Web site: [hyperlink, http://www.gao.gov/cghome/index.html] Contact: Chuck Young, Managing Director, Public Affairs; YoungC1@gao.gov (202) 512-4800; U.S. Government Accountability Office; 441 G Street NW, Room 7149; Washington, D.C. 20548. Copyright: This is a work of the U.S. government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. The published product may be reproduced and distributed in its entirety without further permission from GAO. However, because this work may contain copyrighted images or other material, permission from the copyright holder may be necessary if you wish to reproduce this material separately. [End of presentation]